A single quotation mark, ('). This is often used for a quote within a quote, as in "Tom said 'What?'"
A punctuation mark to indicate that the text is a semi-quote, i.e. a close paraphrase that uses some of the author's original words.
A phrase that is a close paraphrase that uses some of the authors original words. For instance: "A fanatic is someone who will not change his mind or the subject of discussion," according to Winston Churchill.
Verb
To make a close paraphrase of a quotation, using some of its words.
To modify a quote, adapting it to different circumstances but preserving the intent.