Borrowed from Old Norse víkingr ("Viking"). Already in Old English as wīcing and Old Frisian witsing, wising, but extinct in Middle English and borrowed anew in the 19th century.
Old Norse víkingr itself is from Old Norse vík + -ingr (the -r is the nominative desinence). Thus, “one from or who frequents the sea’s inlets”.
The Old English and Anglo-Frisian form, existing since at least the eighth century, could also have been derived from or influenced by Old English wīc, on account of the temporary encampments which were often a prominent feature of the Vikings’ raids.
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