Eskimo

Meanings

Proper Noun

Noun

  • A member of any of the Eskimo peoples.
  • A dog of the American Eskimo breed.
  • A team member of the Canadian Football League's Edmonton Eskimos. (Obsolete as of 2020 with the team dropping this name in favour of Elks in 2021.)

Adjective

  • Of or relating to the Eskimo peoples.
  • In, of, or relating to the Eskimo languages.

Related

Similar words

  • Inuit (but see usage notes)

Origin

  • Attested since 1584, ultimately from an Old Montagnais term. Ives Goddard's theory, accepted by most linguists today, is that it derives from ayaškimew. An older theory, defended by John Steckley due to its greater acceptance in Native oral traditions, but discredited by linguists, is that it derives from a term meaning "eater(s) of raw meat".
  • The theory most accepted among linguists today is that it derives from ayaškimew (compare Montagnais assime·w ("she laces a snowshoe"), Ojibwe ashkime ("s/he nets snowshoes")), a term applied to the Mi'kmaq and apparently later transferred to the Labrador Inuit.
  • An older theory derives it from a term meaning "eaters of raw meat"; compare Cree askamiciw ("she or he eats it raw") (Inuit are referred to in some Cree texts as askipiw, "eats something raw"). John Steckley argues in favor of this theory because of its greater acceptance in native oral traditions, and because the Huron, historical allies and trading partners of the Montagnais who loan-translated many names, also denote the Inuit using terms (e.g. Lorette Huron ok8ch iechronnon, Wyandot ok8chtronnon, both including -ok8ch- "to be raw") meaning "people of the raw", "people who eat something raw".
  • In 1978, Montagnais-speaking Quebec anthropologist Jose Mailhot alternatively suggested Eskimo meant "people who speak a different language", but Steckley considers her theory unlikely.
  • The term may have entered English via Spanish esquimao, esquimal (used by Basque fishermen in Labrador).

Modern English dictionary

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